In terms of pancreatitis, one of the early events in pancreatic necroinflammation is known to be the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.356 On the one hand, high expression of the IL-1β and IL-1R are able to directly induce β-cell apoptosis,357 resulting in a reduction in β-cell number. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is pancreatitis.