SSTR4 and neoplasm: In addition, somatostatin receptors trigger apoptosis, with SHP-1 being essential for the cytotoxic signaling that causes intracellular acidification and ultimately cell death.245,246 SSTR1, SSTR3, and SSTR4 suppress the Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE1), resulting in intracellular acidification, which may contribute to somatostatin’s resistance to cell migration in certain tumor types.247,248 Through these mechanisms, somatostatin binds to SSTRs, functioning as an antiproliferative agent and a potential target for various tumor types.