IAPP and cancer: IAPP is secreted by islet cells and is capable of causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells.390 IAPP levels were significantly elevated in PDAC patients compared to those with other cancers, diabetes, and healthy individuals.391 PDAC cells specifically promote islet cell secretion of IAPP.392,393 However, IAPP is not an ideal biomarker for the diagnosis and identification of PDAC.394 Its molecular mechanism in the development of PDAC-DM remains to be explored.