Notable downregulated genes included Mki67, Ccn1, Muc1, Atf3, Ntrk2, Arid5b, Igf1r, Igf2bp2, Cd47, and Cd37 (oncogenic function) and integrin-related genes, Itga7, Itga11, Itgam and Notch1 (cancer stem cell markers). Here, ATF3 is linked to cancer.