An international experimental study examining the impact of NDUFA4—a key component of the respiratory chain-oxidative phosphorylation pathway—on head and neck paraganglioma found that knocking down NDUFA4 enhanced metformin-induced ferroptosis, thereby strengthening the inhibitory effect of metformin on a head and neck paraganglioma mouse model (28). Here, COXFA4 is linked to head and neck paraganglioma.