SNCA and Parkinson disease: Unlike PD,dominated by proteolitic stress, mitochondrial dysfunctionand the impairment energy metabolism of substantia nigraneurons (Levin et al., 2022), the pathogenesis of which involvesthe death of dopaminergic neurons and accumulationof alpha-synuclein (Rocha et al., 2018), VP is primarily drivenby disturbances in microcirculation and hemodynamics.