TREM1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Further studies measuring mucosal gene expression have found a number of accurate transcriptional signatures associated with response to anti-TNF therapy,139 141 including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1; AUROC 0.77, p=0.003)142 and IL-13RA2 expression—found to be strongly associated with anti-TNF non-response (AUROC 0.9, p<0.001).143 144 On a larger scale, analysis of publicly available datasets from registration trials in IBD found that a higher abundance of plasma cells and macrophages was associated with anti-TNF non-response.145