AHR and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: When the expression of AhR increases, the CYP1A1 also increases to enhance ROS (Cui et al., 2024) while excess ROS will lead to the production of lipid peroxides such as malondialdehyde (MDA), which may exacerbate oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage (Wang B. et al., 2023; Wang Y. et al., 2023) and promote the production of NAFLD (Zhao et al., 2023).