VEGFA and cancer: Bevacizumab, a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI), effectively neutralizes VEGF, inhibiting the tumor’s blood supply and thereby showing significant clinical efficacy across various cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and NSCLC (Al Kawas et al., 2022; Ahluwalia et al., 2014; Cardones and Banez, 2006).