ABCC4 and neoplasm: Across clinically high-risk subgroups of patients (T2/G3), CAB showed a higher number of low-risk patients compared to PREDICT, indicating over-treatment can be avoided in these patients. Contrariwise, in the clinically low-risk subgroup (G1), all patients are stratified as low-risk by PREDICT while CAB pointed out 5% as high-risk patients, who may benefit from additional therapies, echoing the value of understanding underlying tumor biology by integrating tumor biomarkers (such as CD44, ABCC4, ABCC11, N-cadherin and pan-cadherin - the five CAB biomarkers) along with clinical parameters.