NPPB and heart failure: Eleven RCTs with 1,687 participants were enrolled in this meta-analysis with 862 patients in the ivabradine arm and 825 in the placebo arm. The outcomes of this study were the effects of ivabradine on HR, LVEF, QoL, NT-proBNP, BNP levels, and adverse events including CVD mortality, heart failure readmission, asymptomatic bradycardia, and atrial fibrillation.