The combined result of the three RCTs (a total of 283 patients, with 141 in the ivabradine group and 142 in the placebo group) found that the use of ivabradine was significantly more effective at reducing NT-proBNP levels in patients with heart failure (MD -384; 95%CI -581.68, -187.72) (Table 5, Figure 7). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and heart failure.