ACTA1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Necrotic hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns due to plasma membrane damage, that stimulate the hepatic stellate and the Kuepfer cells to generate TGF-beta (TGF-β), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) leading to hepatocyte fibroblast activation, and initiation of hepatic fibrosis [35,36].