ECRG4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Previous studies have shown that UBE2C is highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and plays different roles in different stages of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, mainly affecting the biological function of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through synergistic effects with CDK1, PTTG1 and SKP2 (Li et al., 2021b; Palumbo et al., 2016), its upstream ECRG4 downregulates the expression of UBE2C in ESCC cells through NF-κB signal transduction, and UBE2C is involved in anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis functions (Li et al., 2018).