VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: At a cellular level, it has been demonstrated that a (chronic) hypoxic period induces hypoxia‐induced factor (HIF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and impedes nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in fetal endothelial cells, eventually causing endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling and increased vessel permeability in fetal organs, such as the brain, heart and kidney (Visentin et al., 2014).