CCL2 and Sepsis: Furthermore, PTE reduces the mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and IL-1β, as well as NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) protein expression, both in vivo and in vitro, while inhibiting inflammatory cell migration and ROS production, suggesting its potential in preventing myocardial injuries and sepsis-induced complications [27].