While several medications, including insulin and non-insulin treatments (e.g., β-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and insulin-sensitizing agents), are commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes, they can lead to adverse effects, such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal issues, and cardiovascular risks [232,233]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.