CDKN2A and neoplasm: Cabral et al. (2016) demonstrated increased p16INK4A expression frequency from benign (45.6%) to borderline (75%) to malignant (94.6%) (p = 0.000) tumours, demonstrating that p16INK4a expression might show progressive upregulation or differential regulation as tumours advance from benign to malignant stages [77].