To this end, human CCA cell lines, HuCCT1 and RBE, as well as primary human HSCs were transfected with reporter plasmids for the IFN induction and response pathway, and either stimulated with poly I:C or IFN, respectively, as a positive control, or infected with VSV or VSV(MΔ51). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and cholangiocarcinoma.