More importantly, the increased expression of MHC I by PAK4 KO was not affected by the inhibition of autophagy, suggesting an autophagy-independent pathway involved in the PAK4-KO-stimulated expression of MHC I. As autophagy is a complex cellular mechanism and can play a variety of roles in cancer cell function, further investigation is required to determine the role of autophagy induced by PAK4 inhibition in PDA. Here, PAK4 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.