Clinical trials targeting the inhibition of interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) with IRAK4 inhibitor emavuserinib, among MDS patients harboring spliceosome mutations like U2AF1 and SF3B1, demonstrated a clinical response, and this inhibitor has also been shown to lower levels of IRAK4 among those who responded [34,35]. Here, SF3B1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.