Recently, Teramoto et al. [45] reported that sPD-L1 in the peripheral blood of patients with operable NSCLC can be generated not only from PD-L1-expressing tumor cells but also from PD-L1-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and that prognosis among patients with elevated baseline sPD-L1 levels may depend on the primary source of sPD-L1 in the circulation. Here, SPDL1 is linked to neoplasm.