Despite the well-established interplay between angiogenesis and immune cell factors in the tumor microenvironment [20,23,24], exerting a critical role in the progression of NSCLC and its response to immunotherapy, research on the potential prognostic and predictive significance of peripheral blood levels of angiogenesis markers in ICI-treated NSCLC, especially with regard to VEGF-B, is sparse. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFB and non-small cell lung carcinoma.