TF and hepatocellular carcinoma: On the other hand, recent studies with HH being diagnosed using a combination of genetic testing, clinical examination, and abnormal iron accumulation as measured by serum iron concentration (transferrin saturation and serum ferritin) and by iron deposition in T2* MRI or liver biopsy have reported an approximately 20-fold higher risk of HCC development in cirrhotic HH patients, as compared to non-cirrhotic [140].