TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In patient 39, a comparison of samples collected during disease progression while on combinatorial FOLFIRINOX + eryaspase therapy also revealed increased expression of TGF-β and MEK signaling, both of which have strong associations with chemoresistance to FOLFIRINOX-based therapies in pancreatic cancers through WNT/β-catenin signaling or RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascades, respectively (Figure 3A) [6].