Regarding one of the major drivers of atrial fibrillation—the overactivation of NLRP3 and its relationship with vitamin D—several studies have reported that vitamin D decreases NLRP3 gene expression and its activation through impeding BRCC3-mMediated deubiquitination of NLRP3 [243]., thus inhibiting further excretion of profibrotic cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 [244,245,246]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and atrial fibrillation.