NPPB and chronic kidney disease: Table 5 shows minimal bias with key risk factors for worsening renal function (WRF) in CHF patients, including age ≥65 years, type 2 diabetes, CKD, elevated Troponin T (≥0.04 ng/mm), elevated ProBNP (≥9000 ng/mL), admission creatinine levels (1.5–2.5 mg/dL and >2.5 mg/dL), and daily furosemide dosage (>100 mg/day, oral and IV).