Proinflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, Interleukin-1 (IL-1)), chemokines, adhesion molecules, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) [5,6,7,13,18,69] are released in response to cell injury caused by hyperglycemia, driven by factors such as vascular and glomerular lesions, obstructive sleep apnea, and intermittent hypoxia [7,8]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.