Methods: A total of 90 panoramic radiographs were analyzed in this study: 30 were from patients with RA using conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and glucocorticoids, 30 were from patients with RA using tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, and 30 were from systemically healthy individuals. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.