They can influence various signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, including the modulation of cell adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin, which are critical for leukocyte adhesion and migration into the arterial wall By inhibiting these processes, flavonoids can reduce the inflammatory burden associated with atherosclerosis [71,81]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and atherosclerosis.