By acting as a sponge for miR-455-5p, GAS5 enhances SOCS3 expression, thereby suppressing the Janus kinase 2-signal transducer (JAK2) and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, promoting macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype and thus leading to more severe cases of pneumonia in children [120]. This evidence concerns the gene JAK2 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.