While GAS5 can exacerbate conditions such as myocardial infarction [121] and atherosclerosis [103] through the promotion of apoptosis and inflammation, it also yields protective effects in specific contexts, such as mitigating cardiac fibrosis through the miR-217/SIRT1 pathway [112] and preventing EPC senescence via miR-223 regulation [114]. Here, SIRT1 is linked to atherosclerosis.