INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: PICRUSt2 analysis indicated that these significantly altered genera in different groups all affected the processes of the adipocytokine signaling pathway, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, carbon metabolism, the TCA cycle, glucagon signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the insulin signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, and NAFLD progression to different extents (Figure 5 and Table S2).