In another study exploring the antifibrotic effect of TCs in the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in vitro model, Zhang et al. demonstrated that co-culturing TGFβ-treated rat tracheal epithelial cells with pulmonary TCs was effective in diminishing the extent of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, suggesting a possible protective role of TCs against lung tissue fibrosis [39]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.