on the contrary, PhM, as well as concurrent administration of MH or ZC with AlCl3, significantly raised Nrf2/HO-1 signaling by boosting the mRNA expressions of Nrf2 by 1.6-, 2.5-, and 3.7-fold, respectively, and HO-1 by 2.7-, 4.3-, and 4.6-fold, respectively, thus resulting in neuroprotective effects in contrast to the AD group. Here, HMOX1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.