HMOX1 and Alzheimer disease: Conclusion: This research highlights the neuroprotective impact of MH and ZC plus PhM against AlCl3-induced AD via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4, TLR4/NF-κβ/NLRP3, APOE4/LRP1, and Wnt3/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling pathways.