NFKB1 and neoplasm: However, various aberrant signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance and propagation of this tumor subpopulation, including TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB signaling, as well as the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathways [145,146,147,148].