Moreover, in ALS, mutations and rare cargo variants in α-tubulin 4a, encoded by the TUBA4A (Tubulin Alpha 4a) gene, have been identified that dimerize and fail to be efficiently incorporated into microtubules in vitro, thus destabilizing the microtubule network and limiting its polymerization [170]. This evidence concerns the gene TUBA4A and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.