NEFL and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: However, Rossi et al. [87] have demonstrated that levels of NF-L and p-NF-H in the CSF of ALS patients are comparable to those of patients with significant neuronal cell death/axonal damage due to acute/subacute inflammatory diseases or tumors, while they are significantly increased relative to patients with neurological disorders not specifically related to progressive neuronal cell death/axonal damage or acute inflammation.