The size and depth of the retinal detachment contribute to the increase in IL-8, TGF-β3, TIMP-1 and 2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and decrease in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) levels in the vitreous of RRD patients compared to controls in idiopathic epiretinal membrane cases [149]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and retinal detachment.