Apart from the roles of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the diseases mentioned above, this chemokine and receptor system seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of other brain diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, Huntington’s disease, ischemia, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy. Here, CX3CL1 is linked to diabetic retinopathy.