In chronic HIV infection, it has been documented that the immune activation and inflammatory response promote an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in plasma HDL-C by reducing ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages, thereby interfering with the reverse transport of cholesterol from arteries and peripheral cells to the liver for excretion or recycling [18,66]. This evidence concerns the gene ABCA1 and HIV infectious disease.