Activation of NFκB occurs downstream of LPS signaling via Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4 in adipocytes and serves as a critical transcription factor controlling the gene expression of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., TNFα, IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, etc.)that contribute to obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic dysfunction [109,110]. Here, TLR2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.