INS and cancer: In fact, reduced concentrations of circulating inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein—CRP, TNF-α and IL-6); ameliorated insulin sensitivity; increased serum concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and 2 (IGFBP-2); augmented circulating levels of adiponectin; increased anti-cancer immunity; reduced leptin and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio; and decreased bioavailable testosterone and estrogen have been observed [164,171,172,173].