CTLA4 and neoplasm: No substantial alterations were observed in the sphenic immune cell population (Supplementary Fig. 2), however the results revealed a notable elevation in the proportion of CD4 + T cells within the tumour following the second treatment; both with anti-PD-1 plus CTLA-4 (33.25 ± 2.79%) and anti-PD-1 plus TIGIT (33.60 ± 5.02%), when compared with the PBS-treated controls (20.03 ± 3.55%).