Specifically, mice treated with the anti-PD-1 plus anti-TIGIT combination exhibited a significantly enhanced tumour suppression, resulting in a tumour weight of 0.101 ± 0.045 g, whereas those receiving standard-of-care with anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 antibodies and cisplatin chemotherapy had larger tumour weights of 0.976 ± 0.368 g and 1.344 ± 0.290 g, respectively (Fig. 2b, d, e). Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.