CTSB is also upregulated in pancreatic cancer and may indicate increased activity of CSTB, which enhances later metastatic extravasation in PDAC; additionally, several collagens that are highly expressed in PDAC relative to its precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL11A1) are present in the pancreatic ColX modules [69, 70] (Table S2A). Here, CTSB is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.