Adjusting for severity, age, sex, BMI, ethnicity, insulin use, and surgical procedures, the continuation group had a 45% lower mortality risk (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42–0.73, p < 0.01), no increased risk of acute renal failure, and a slight reduction in hospital stay length (4.9 vs 4.7 days, RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.98, p < 0.01) [63]. Here, INS is linked to acute kidney injury.