CD28 and neoplasm: For the ectopic expression of NCL on the tumor cell membrane, we designed two types of genetic T cells on the basis of specific antibodies targeting NCL to validate their antitumor efficacy: classic CAR-T cells, which had the CD28, 4-1BB and CD3 domains, and Ab-γδ TCR-T cells, in which the VL and VH fragments of the anti-NCL or anti-hMSH2 antibodies were used to replace the V fragment of the γ and δ chains, respectively, in the γδ TCR (Fig. 4a).