Moreover, PPARγ, which is known to be expressed in glomerular mesangial cells, podocytes and proximal epithelial cells, has a protective role against acute kidney injury by inhibiting inflammation, and pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, prevents mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis, as well as tubular dilation and atrophy during the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy9,10. Here, PPARG is linked to glomerulosclerosis.