Moreover, PPARγ, which is known to be expressed in glomerular mesangial cells, podocytes and proximal epithelial cells, has a protective role against acute kidney injury by inhibiting inflammation, and pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, prevents mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis, as well as tubular dilation and atrophy during the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy9,10. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and acute kidney injury.