In addition to this, CXB downregulates anti-apoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, further amplifying its apoptotic effects (Liu et al. 2012).CXB’s ability to modulate inflammatory responses can lead to enhanced apoptosis in inflamed tissues, such as those affected by chronic periodontitis associated with OSCC (Yoshida et al. 2019). Here, BCL2 is linked to periodontitis.