In addition to the crucial role in activating the cytotoxic CD8 and NK cells leading to villous atrophy, we and others have shown that IL-15 also mediates the activity of anti-inflammatory pathways, including those mediated by T reg cells [13,14], thus contributing to the loss of intestinal homeostasis and promoting chronic inflammation in CeD. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and cranioectodermal dysplasia.