Several pieces of data indicate that the cooperation between cytokines released by gluten-specific CD4+ T cells (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-21, IL-2) and IL-15 released by dendritic cells is also necessary to activate CD8+ T IELs, which drive tissue damage in untreated CeD [27]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is cranioectodermal dysplasia.