The activation of HSCs is a crucial step in the progression of liver fibrosis, as it facilitates their transformation into MFBs, which are responsible for the excessive production of ECM components, such as collagen fibers [160] CS-induced production of ROS, TGFβ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 can directly transform HSCs into MFBs [27,119,161,162,163]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis.