Figure 2A shows differential interference contrast images of round, compact DCIS structures (left panel) cultured in 3D rBM when transfected with the dsRed reporter control vector (con; referenced in [170]) and the appearance of invasive outgrowths in the right panel as a result of silencing Rap1Gap (kd1). The protruding outgrowths are indicative of extensive cytoskeletal reorganization in DCIS cells, assayed via the immunofluorescence of F-actin (see Figure 2B). Here, RAP1GAP is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.