MAPK1 and adenomyosis: Similarly, studies on adenomyosis highlighted disrupted signaling pathways, including Wnt and VEGF, and novel progenitor cell populations linked to tissue invasion and neuroinflammation, while single-cell approaches characterized smooth muscle and fibroblast subpopulations in uterine fibroids, elucidating their roles in extracellular matrix remodeling and signaling pathways like ERK and mTOR.