GSK3B and neoplasm: In addition, encapsulated stem cells were able to trigger the expression of Wnt antagonists, such as Secreted Frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), downregulating the β-catenin pathway, which is involved in tumor promotion [22].