The anti-cancer effect of carotenoids may be associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, triggering cytotoxicity and apoptosis which involves the cleavage of caspases-3 and -9, as well as poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, accompanied by reductions in the levels of Bcl-xL (Sathasivam and Ki, 2018). The gene discussed is BCL2L1; the disease is cancer.