GJA1 and atrial fibrillation: They analyzed cardiac structure using HE staining and echocardiography, detected CX43 and tyrosine hydroxylase using Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, and recorded blood pressure, blood gas, heart rate, etc. The study demonstrated that CIH induces atrial remodeling, increases AF inducibility, leads to excessive sympathetic innervation, and decreases CX43 expression (46).